| Glossary |
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1-tier architecture
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A simple form of standalone application architecture where...
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1000BaseT
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An extension of 100BaseT that runs 10 times faster than...
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100BaseT
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An extension of 10BaseT that runs 10 times faster than 10BaseT...
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10base2
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An ethernet standard for cable. The 10 refers to its 10 Mbps...
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10Base5
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The original Ethernet specification, which is now more uncommon...
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10baseT
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An ethernet standard for cable. The 10 refers to its 10 Mbps...
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128-bit Operating Systems
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Operating systems may eventually be 128-bit. The ability to...
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128-bit Video
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The bits referred to here describe the bus between the GPU and...
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1394 IEEE standard
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A serial connection technology that promises to speed data at...
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16-bit Operating Systems
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DOS and Windows 3.x are 16-bit operating systems. They are...
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2-tier architecture
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Applications that have a code base (1-tier) separate from the...
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2.5G
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Second generation wireless technology (2G) with incomplete...
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3-tier architecture
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This architecture splits the user interface from the...
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32-bit Chips
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This type of processor can run a 32-bit OS, such as Windows NT...
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32-bit color depth
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Anything that supports 32-bit color supports over four billion...
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32-bit Memory Module
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DRAM modules with 32 separate data lines. 72-pin SIMMs are...
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32-bit Operating Systems
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Windows NT, OS/2, and some flavors of UNIX are 32-bit operating...
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32-bit processor
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This type of processor can run a 32-bit OS, such as Windows NT...
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32-bit Video Cards
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These are generally older cards that were only capable of...
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3DNow!
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A set of 3D/multimedia floating point instructions first...
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404 error
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Error returned by a browser when it is unable to connect to a...
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48-bit color depth
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Some scanners support 48-bit color, which offers the ability to...
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56Kflex
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This was one of the two competing 56Kbps modem standards. It...
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64-bit Chips
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A processor that can run a 64-bit OS. The DEC Alpha is 64-bit,...
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64-bit Memory Module
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DRAM modules with 64 separate data lines. SDRAM and DDR DIMMs...
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64-bit Operating Systems
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An operating system that is programmed to run on 64-bit...
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64-bit processor
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A processor that can run a 64-bit OS. The DEC Alpha is 64-bit,...
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64-bit Video Cards
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Most current video cards have at least a 64-bit bus between the...
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8 bits
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A measure of memory. 8 bits make up 1 byte, and offer 256 (2^8)...
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8-bit Memory Modules
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These DRAM modules have 8 separate data lines. 30-pin SIMMs are...
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Abend
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When Novell's NetWare network operating system crashes, it will...
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Accelerated Graphics Port
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A dedicated expansion port that began to show up on...
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Access Speed
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The average amount of time it takes for a floppy drive, hard...
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Accuracy
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Accuracy is how close to the actual value you are. For example,...
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Accuracy vs. Precision
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If the actual value is 4.321 and you say that it is 4.30, then...
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Ack
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A response from a server to a network request. Basically, the...
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ACPI
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This power management interface takes the power management out...
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Active Directory
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A Microsoft technology based on LDAP that provides a unified...
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Active Matrix
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LCD panels that are active matrix have a sharper, brighter...
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Active Movie
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A Microsoft technology used for streaming video and audio over...
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Active Server Pages
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Microsoft created this technology and bundled it with its IIS...
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Active Template Library
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A group of routines provided by Microsoft that can be used to...
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ActiveX
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A Microsoft technology that uses COM technology, and is...
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Actuator
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The part of a hard drive that the read/write arms attach to. It...
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ADC
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An electronic device that converts analog signals into digital...
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ADSL
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A technology that is the phone company's answer to cable...
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
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This power management interface takes the power management out...
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Advanced Intelligent Tape
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A tape format initially introduced in 1996. AIT promises low...
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Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
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A network of interconnected computers that formed the original...
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Advanced SCSI Programming Interface
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This was developed by Adaptec so that different devices could...
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adware
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Any software which serves banner ads or pop-up ads to you while...
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AFAIK
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Online speak for "As Far As I Know"
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afk
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Chat abbreviation for "away from keyboard".
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AGP
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A dedicated expansion port that began to show up on...
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AGP 1x
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The original parallel AGP standard that operates on a 32-bit...
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AGP 2x
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This AGP standard features a parallel 32-bit bus running at...
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AGP 4x
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This AGP standard features a parallel 32-bit bus running at...
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AGP 8x
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This AGP standard features a parallel 32-bit bus running at...
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AGP Aperture
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The amount of system memory that the AGP board can address and...
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AGP Pro
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This AGP standard allows the graphics card to draw more than...
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Air Cooling
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Cooling that involves a heatsink and/or fan. Even though a...
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Air gap
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A type of network security in which a network is secured, at...
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AIT
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A tape format initially introduced in 1996. AIT promises low...
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AIX
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An open IBM operating system based on UNIX. IBM produces a...
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Algorithm
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A step-by-step method of accomplishing a task. For instance, a...
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Alpha
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A term given to a very early version of a hardware or software...
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Alpha Blending
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This allows two objects to be visually blended together. This...
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Alpha Test
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A term given to a very early version of a hardware or software...
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Alt
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1. There is an Alt key found on a computer keyboard. The Alt...
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Alternating Current
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A type of electrical current that reverses its direction at a...
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ALU
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The part of the CPU that actually does the work of adding,...
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Amdahl's Law
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This states that even a small percentage of "serial" code (code...
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American National Standards Institution
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This organization represents the United States in the...
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American Standard Code for Information Interchange
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Pronounced "ass-kee." This is a standard means of representing...
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Amp
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The base unit of electrical current, which is the rate of flow...
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Ampere
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The base unit of electrical current, which is the rate of flow...
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Amplitude Modulation
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A means of transmitting and receiving radio waves that is based...
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AMR
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An Intel specification designed to move the analog I/O...
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Analog
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Analog refers to a representation of a quantity that varies...
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Analog Control
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An analog control changes value in non-discrete steps. You can...
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Analog to Digital Convertor
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An electronic device that converts analog signals into digital...
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Anonymous FTP
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FTP services requiring no specific authentication, using a...
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ANSI
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This organization represents the United States in the...
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Anycast
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A method available in IPv6 of sending information over a...
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Apache
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In early 1995, a group of webmasters decided to get together...
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Aperture Grill
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This form of mask is similar to a shadow mask, but instead of a...
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API
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APIs allow you to program to a pre-constructed interface (the...
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Applet
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A derivation of "application." You use the Applet tag in HTML...
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Application Programming Interface
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APIs allow you to program to a pre-constructed interface (the...
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Application Service Provider
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A company that provides remote access to applications,...
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Application-Specific Integrated Circuit
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An ASIC is a circuit designed for a very specific purpose, such...
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Apt-get
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Part of "apt," a package retrieval tool that automatically...
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Archie
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A service that indexes files found on FTP servers. It is not...
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Archive
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As a noun, this refers generally to any type of backed-up data....
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Areal Density
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This typically refers to the amount of data that can be stored...
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Argument
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What you have with your girlfriend when she wants you to stop...
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Arithmetic Logic Unit
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The part of the CPU that actually does the work of adding,...
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ARPANet
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A network of interconnected computers that formed the original...
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Array
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1. This can be an abbreviation for a group of hard drives...
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Arrow keys
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The four keys on a computer keyboard that are commonly used to...
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ASCII
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Pronounced "ass-kee." This is a standard means of representing...
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ASIC
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An ASIC is a circuit designed for a very specific purpose, such...
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ASP
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see Active Server Pages, Application Service Provider, or...
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Aspect Ratio
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The ratio of the width by the height on a monitor or television...
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ASPI
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This was developed by Adaptec so that different devices could...
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Assembly Language
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A programming language specific to a microprocessor. It is a...
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Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
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A technology that is the phone company's answer to cable...
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Asynchronous Communication
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This method of transferring data does so without a specific...
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Asynchronous Transfer Mode
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A networking protocol initially designed to move multimedia...
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AT Attachment
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A storage (hard drive, CD-ROM, etc.) interface more commonly...
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AT Attachment Packet Interface
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This interface is part of EIDE, and it allows a PC to control...
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AT Form Factor
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A PC form factor that describes the way a motherboard fits into...
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ATA
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A storage (hard drive, CD-ROM, etc.) interface more commonly...
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ATA/100
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Another extension to the ATA interface that adds a 50% increase...
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ATA/133
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This refers to what is most probably the final extension to the...
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ATA/33
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An extension to the ATA interface (IDE) that effectively...
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ATA/66
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An extension to the ATA interface (IDE) proposed by Quantum...
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ATAPI
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This interface is part of EIDE, and it allows a PC to control...
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ATL
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A group of routines provided by Microsoft that can be used to...
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ATM
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A networking protocol initially designed to move multimedia...
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Attachment
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A file embedded in an e-mail message. It is possible to have...
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ATX
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The ATX form factor specification takes the original Baby...
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ATX Form Factor
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The ATX form factor specification takes the original Baby...
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ATX12V
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A superset of the ATX form factor that is used for systems with...
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Audio Modem Riser
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An Intel specification designed to move the analog I/O...
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Audio Video Interleave
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A Microsoft-specified format for saving audio and/or video...
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AUI
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A synonym for the 10Base5 Thicknet Ethernet standard.
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Authentication
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A process of proving the identity of a computer or computer...
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Availability
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A measure of how much time a network or a connection is...
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Average Selling Price
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This term is used in the microchip manufacturing world....
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AVI
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A Microsoft-specified format for saving audio and/or video...
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B2B
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Business to Business. A mode of conducting business between two...
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B2C
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Business to Consumer. Another business model over the Internet.
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B2R
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Back to Reality!
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Baby AT
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A motherboard form factor that has the same traits as the...
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Back-end
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A type of program or process that is not directly accessed by a...
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backbone
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A central network connecting other networks together. Formerly...
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Backplane
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As opposed to standard cabling schemes where flexible wires are...
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Backside Bus
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In some architectures, such as Socket 7, the speed of the...
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Backup Domain Controller
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One or more computers running Windows NT that act as a backup...
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Balance
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The control for the level of sound coming out of the left or...
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Ball Grid Array
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As opposed to a pin grid array (PGA), a ball grid array is a...
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bandwidth
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Literally, the frequency width of a transmission channel in...
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bang address
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An old system of mail addressing in UUCP networks, where the...
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Banner ad
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The most common form of advertising found on the Web. The...
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BASIC
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This programming language was developed in the mid '60s. The...
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Basic Input Output System
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A program stored on your motherboard that controls all of the...
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Batch
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A group of commands that are executed one at a time. See also...
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Batch File
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A file in a DOS/Windows environment with the .bat extension....
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Battery
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A device consisting of one or more cells that can produce a...
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baud
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Rate of transmission speed in a signal - the number of changes...
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baud rate
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A nearly obsolete term for transmission rates synonymous in...
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Baudot code
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The Baudot code, used by early teleprinters, represents...
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bayonet connector
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See BNC
|
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BBIAB
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Online speak for "Be Back In A Bit"
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bbl
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Chat shorthand for "be back later".
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BBS
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Bulletin Board System. A dial-up service offering messages,...
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Bcc
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Blind Carbon Copy. Unlike the Cc option (Carbon Copy), when the...
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BCP
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A program used to copy databases or parts of databases in...
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BDC
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One or more computers running Windows NT that act as a backup...
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BEDO
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A type of EDO RAM that can read three consecutive memory...
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Beep Code
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When you turn on your PC--and all is well--you typically hear a...
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Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
|
This programming language was developed in the mid '60s. The...
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Benchmarking
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The process of measuring the performance of hardware or...
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BeOS
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An operating system designed by Be, Inc. The original goal of...
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Beowulf
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A cluster of computers connected to a high-speed private...
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Beowulf Project
|
This project serves as a repository of information for creating...
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Berkeley Internet Named Domain
|
A DNS software package for UNIX/Linux machines. It contains a...
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Beta
|
A term given to a product that isn't ready for public...
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beta test
|
In software development, a stage of testing where the program...
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bfn
|
Chat shorthand for "bye for now".
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BGA
|
As opposed to a pin grid array (PGA), a ball grid array is a...
|
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BGP
|
The protocol used by the core routers on the Internet to route...
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Bilinear Filtering
|
Used to smooth flat surfaces by averaging the colors of...
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binary
|
Binary means the use of only two values, zero and one, in...
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Binary code
|
Binary consists of a string of bits, with bits represented by...
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binary files
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Binary files are files that include up to 256 different...
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Binary Large OBject
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A BLOB is a data type used in a relational database that can...
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Binary Search
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A search technique that splits an ordered list into halves...
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Binary Tree
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An ordered tree where each node has no more than two child...
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BIND
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A DNS software package for UNIX/Linux machines. It contains a...
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BIOS
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A program stored on your motherboard that controls all of the...
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Bistable Multivibrator
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A simple element of memory made up of an assembly of logic...
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Bit depth
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How many bits it takes to represent the color in one pixel. The...
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Bit Rate
|
The amount of bits per second used to encode audio data in an...
|
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bitmap
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A graphic which is defined by specifying the colors of dots or...
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Bitmap font
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A font where each character is stored as a bitmap graphic....
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Bits per second
|
This is generally a measure of how fast some device...
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Black box
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Anything that you put input into and get output from, but don't...
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Black hat
|
A malicious hacker. If a hacker finds a security hole and...
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Blind Carbon Copy
|
When sending an e-mail, if you BCC someone you are sending him...
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BLOB
|
A BLOB is a data type used in a relational database that can...
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|
Block Mode
|
A setting in the computer BIOS relating to IDE hard drives. The...
|
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blog
|
Short for web log; usually a chronological record of thoughts,...
|
|
BNC
|
A connector type for 10Base2 or Thin-Net networks. Shaped like...
|
|
BNC, BNC connector
|
Short for BayoNet Connector or Baby N Connector or Bayonet...
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BOFH
|
"Bastard Operator From Hell," a classic diary of the ultimate...
|
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bookmark
|
Just as a paper bookmark is used as a reminder of the page you...
|
|
Boolean logic
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The form of logic where every answer is either true or false....
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|
Boolean search
|
A method of searching for information in databases that...
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Boot
|
A verb meaning to load into physical memory (RAM) from the hard...
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Boot disk
|
A floppy disk or other disk media that contains the files...
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Boot Record
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The first sector on a hard disk or other disk media. When a...
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Boot Sector
|
The first sector of a bootable partition. It contains the...
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BootP
|
This protocol is the basis for DHCP. It allows a client...
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Bootstrap
|
This either refers to a small piece of intermediate code that...
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Bootstrap Protocol
|
This protocol is the basis for DHCP. It allows a client...
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Bootstrapping
|
The process of developing something without reliance on outside...
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Border Gateway Protocol
|
The protocol used by the core routers on the Internet to route...
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bot
|
Short for robot, a program designed to search the Internet...
|
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Bottleneck
|
Part of a system that limits the performance of the system....
|
|
bounce
|
The return of an e-mail message because of an error in its...
|
|
Boxed Processor
|
A microprocessor that is sold singly in a retail box, like...
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Bps
|
Bytes per second.
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brb
|
Chat shorthand for "be right back".
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Brick and Mortar
|
A store or business that either doesn't have a Web presence or...
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|
bridge
|
A bridge is a combination of hardware and software that...
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brinking
|
Testing rules by getting as close as possible to breaking them...
|
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broadband
|
When the bandwidth of a signal is large, it can simultaneously...
|
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Broadcast
|
A method of sending information over a network. With...
|
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browser
|
Software that will load and display a web page. A browser...
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|
BSOD
|
A Windows error message that is shown on a screen with a blue...
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|
btdt
|
Chat slang for "Been there, done that".
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|
btw
|
Chat shorthand for "by the way".
|
|
Buffer
|
A temporary location to store or group information in hardware...
|
|
Buffered memory
|
Memory modules that have extra chips on them to support Error...
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|
Bug
|
This is commonly an error in design or programming in a...
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|
Bulk Copy Program
|
A program used to copy databases or parts of databases in...
|
|
Bulletin Board System
|
A bulletin board system used to describe message boards that...
|
|
Burn
|
Widely used slang that describes the creation of a CD-R disc....
|
|
Burn in
|
The running of repetitive tasks on a computer to ensure that...
|
|
Burst EDO RAM
|
A type of EDO RAM that can read three consecutive memory...
|
|
bus
|
An electronic pathway. In networks, a configuration (topology)...
|
|
Bus mouse
|
A mouse that uses the smaller 6-pin connector instead of your...
|
|
Bus speed
|
A measurement, usually in MHz, of how many times data can be...
|
|
Bus Topology
|
This network topology has computers connected to a strand of...
|
|
Business to Business
|
This term is often used to describe websites that sell goods or...
|
|
Business to Consumer
|
A form of doing business that deals with selling goods and...
|
|
byte
|
8 bits of data. Capital B is used in abbreviations to...
|
|
Bytes per second
|
This is generally a measure of how fast some device...
|
|
C Sharp
|
An object-oriented programming language from Microsoft based on...
|
|
C#
|
An object-oriented programming language from Microsoft based on...
|
|
C++
|
An extension of the C programming language that adds...
|
|
Cab file
|
A compressed file with the extension .cab. Cabinet files are...
|
|
Cabinet file
|
A compressed file with the extension .cab. Cabinet files are...
|
|
Cable Modem
|
The device that you attach a coaxial cable from your cable...
|
|
Cable Select
|
This is basically Plug-and-Play ATA. You plug in your ATA/IDE...
|
|
cache
|
Browsers such as Netscape and Microsoft Internet Explorer hold...
|
|
Cache memory
|
Generally a small chunk of fast memory that sits between either...
|
|
CAD
|
Oh, you cad! This refers to the use of computers to design...
|
|
Cannon Cable
|
An analog audio cable normally used to connect microphones to...
|
|
Capacitor
|
An electronic component that stores up an electrical charge to...
|
|
Carbon Copy
|
A method of sending a copy of an e-mail to someone, but...
|
|
Cardbus
|
The 32-bit PCMCIA card slot and cards that can work in this...
|
|
CAS
|
see Column Address Strobe, CAS 2, and CAS 3
|
|
CAS 2
|
This implies that two clock cycles are needed to address a...
|
|
CAS 3
|
This implies that three clock cycles are needed to address a...
|
|
CAS latency
|
see CAS 2 and CAS 3
|
|
Cascading Style Sheets
|
You can use CSS to define one or more styles on a single Web...
|
|
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
|
Cascading Style Sheets is a technique built into version 4.0...
|
|
case sensitive
|
When matching a string of letters, it is case sensitive if...
|
|
Cat 3
|
Cat 3 cable is certified to run at up to 16MHz. You can achieve...
|
|
Cat 4
|
Cat 4 cable is certified to run at up to 20MHz. You can achieve...
|
|
Cat 5
|
This was a very common copper wire standard between 1996-2002...
|
|
Cat 5e
|
A copper wire cable standard that contains four twisted copper...
|
|
Cat 6
|
A cable standard for cable that contains four twisted copper...
|
|
Cat 7
|
A cable standard for cable that contains four twisted copper...
|
|
Category 3 cable standard
|
Cat 3 cable is certified to run at up to 16MHz. You can achieve...
|
|
Category 4 cable standard
|
Cat 4 cable is certified to run at up to 20MHz. You can achieve...
|
|
Category 5 cable standard
|
This was a very common copper wire standard between 1996-2002...
|
|
Category 5e cable standard
|
A copper wire cable standard that contains four twisted copper...
|
|
Category 6 cable standard
|
A cable standard for cable that contains four twisted copper...
|
|
Category 7 cable standard
|
A cable standard for cable that contains four twisted copper...
|
|
Cathode Ray Tube
|
One of the main components of most monitors and TVs. A beam of...
|
|
CAV
|
A method of reading (or writing) data from (or to) a spinning...
|
|
CCD
|
Photosensitive CCDs are used in scanners, digital cameras, and...
|
|
CD-R
|
CD-R drives record up to 650 MB of data onto specialized CD-R...
|
|
CD-ROM
|
CD-ROM media is read-only media that holds about 650 MB of...
|
|
CD-RW
|
A CD-ROM format that not only reads standard CD-ROMs, but can...
|
|
CDMA
|
A 2G digital wireless technology that allows multiple calls to...
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CDMA2000
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The multiplexed version of the IMT-2000 standard developed by...
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CDSL
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Acronym for Consumer Digital Subscriber Line. Rockwell's new...
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Cell
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A coverage area around a specific transmitter that communicates...
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Cellphone
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A mobile, wireless telephone that communicates with a local...
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Cellular Telephone
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A mobile, wireless telephone that communicates with a local...
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censorship
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Issues frequently arise online about censorship. When does a...
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Central Processing Unit
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Think of this as the brains of the computer. When most people...
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CERN
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the European Organization for Nuclear Research where the web...
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Certificate Authority
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A trusted third-party organization or company that issues...
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Certified Novell Administrator
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The title of an individual who has passed tests on networking...
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Certified Novell Engineer
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A certification similar to the CNA but requiring the passing of...
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CF+
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An extension to the CompactFlash standard that allows for use...
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CFM
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A measure of airflow, and you can use it to compare the...
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CGA
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A video standard that allowed a resolution of 320x200 with a...
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CGI
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Common Gateway Interface. A method used by WWW pages to...
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Chad
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The piece of paper that is removed from a punch card when holes...
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chain letter
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A form of spam which asks you to distribute the letter to many...
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Channel
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The group of resellers that supply most companies with...
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Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit
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A piece of hardware that you use to translate the digital data...
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Character
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A single letter, number, or symbol. This term applies to data...
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Characters Per Second
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The amount of text characters printed in a second. This term...
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Charge Coupled Device
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Photosensitive CCDs are used in scanners, digital cameras, and...
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charset
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Short for character set. Different character sets are used for...
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Chassis
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Pronounced "chassy," this is the frame or case which holds your...
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chat
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A form of real-time electronic communications where...
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Chat room
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Any Web address, IRC channel, or other virtual space where two...
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Checksum
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A value that is calculated from a group of data and often...
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Chief Information Officer
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An executive title, usually at a medium or large-sized company....
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Chief Technology Officer
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An executive title related to CIO, usually at a medium or...
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Chip
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short for microchip. This term is commonly used to describe the...
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Chipkill
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A technology developed by IBM for servers and other systems...
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Chipset
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The chips that control the functions and features on a...
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chkdsk
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A Microsoft program that checks your hard drive for logical...
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churn
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Rate of change, usually high; instability caused by frequent...
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CICS
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Not to be confused with CISC, CICS is online transaction...
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CIDR
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Classless Inter-Domain Routing. This is a change in specifying...
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CIO
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An executive title, usually at a medium or large-sized company....
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CIR
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This term is used by ISPs to represent an amount of data that...
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Circuit
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Most commonly, this describes an electrical device with a...
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Circuit breaker
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A device that interrupts the flow of electricity if an...
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CISC
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Microchips that support a large amount of instructions of...
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Class A IP
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A group of IP addresses where the first number remains the...
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Class B IP
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A group of IP addresses where the first two numbers remain the...
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Class C IP
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A group of IP addresses where the first three numbers remain...
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CLEC
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Competitive Local Exchange Carrier. See LEC.
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client
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An individual computer on a network that runs its own programs...
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client-server architecture
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In client-server architecture, the computing load is...
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Client/Server
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Client server technology came about when computers began to...
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Clip Art
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Graphics/artwork distributed for use in word processors, Web...
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Clock chipping
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Synonym for overclocking.
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Clock Cycle
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Think of a clock cycle as one tick of the second hand (but...
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Clock Speed
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The speed in MHz of a microprocessor. It is one way of gauging...
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Cluster
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A group of computers connected over a network that are running...
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Clustering
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Clustering is a technology using two or more computers that...
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